Biomass Processing Over Gold Catalysts
CONTENTS
1. Introduction. 3
1.1. Biomass Derived Compounds. 4
1.1.1. Sugar-derived Chemicals. 4
1.1.2. Extractives and their Derivatives. 6
1.2. Gold Catalysts. 10
2. Selective Oxidation/Dehydrogenation Reactions. 12
2.1. Primary Alcohol and Aldehyde Oxidation. 12
2.1.1. Ethanol Oxidation. 12
2.1.2. 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) Oxidation. 15
2.1.3. Selective Oxidation of Sugars. 17
2.1.3.1. Selective Oxidation of Glucose. 17
2.1.3.2. Selective Oxidation of Arabinose, Galactose and Other Sugars. 19
2.2. Secondary Alcohols Oxidation. 21
2.3. Polyalcohol Oxidation. 23
3. Acetalization. 31
4. N-alkylation. 32
5. Selective Hydrogenation Reactions. 35
6. Double Bond Oxidation Reactions. 36
7. Isomerization Reactions. 38
7.1. Isomerization of Linoleic Acid. 38
7.2. Isomerization of α-Pinene. 39
8. Gold Catalysts Stability. 40
9. Summary. 43
References. 44
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