Development of Implantable Electronics as Novel Approaches to Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Chapter 1. Introduction .-1.1 . Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) .-1.1.1. Pathogenesis of OSA .-1.1.2. Conventional Therapies .-1.1.2.1. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure.-1.1.2.2. Therapies of Tongue-related OSA.-1.1.2.3. Therapies of Palate-related OSA .-1.2. Electrical Stimulation for OSA treatment.-1.2.1. Neural and Neuromuscular Stimulation.-1.2.2. Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation (HNS).-1.2.3. Soft Palate Stimulation (SPS).-1.3. Suggested Approaches.-1.3.1. Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP).-1.3.2. Magnetic Cuff System for HNS.-1.3.3. Palatal Implant System for SPS.-1.4. Objectives of this Dissertation

Chapter 2. Methods.-2.1. Magnetic Cuff System for HNS.-2.1.1. Overview.-2.1.2. Magnet-Embedded Nerve Cuff Electrode.-2.1.2.1. Electrode Design.- 2.1.2.2. Fabrication.-2.1.3. External Pulse Generator.-2.1.3.1. Circuit Description.- 2.1.3.2. Fabrication.-2.1.4. Evaluations.- 2.1.4.1. Electrochemical Measurements In Vitro.- 2.1.4.2. Animal Testing In Vivo.-2.2. Palatal Implant System for SPS.-2.2.1. Pilot Study In Vivo.-2.2.2. Overview.-2.2.3. Palatal Implant.-2.2.3.1. Circuit Description.-2.2.3.2. Fabrication.-2.2.3.2.1. Electrode Layers.-2.2.3.2.2. Antenna Coil and Circuit Layers.-2.2.3.2.3. Multi-layer Lamination.-2.2.3.2.4. Post-lamination Process.-2.2.4. Intra-Oral Device.-2.2.4.1. Circuit Description.-2.2.4.1.1. ZigBee Receiver.-2.2.4.1.2. Class-E Amplifier.2.2.4.1.3. ASK Modulation.-2.2.4.1.4. Power Management .-2.2.4.2. Fabrication.-2.2.5. Inductive Link.-2.2.5.1. Design of Coil Antennas.-2.2.5.2. FEM Simulation.-2.2.5.3. SPICE Simulation.-2.2.6. Evaluations.-2.2.6.1. Wireless Power Transmission.-2.2.6.2. Wireless Data Transmission.-2.2.6.3. Electrochemical Measurements In Vitro.- 2.2.6.4. Animal Testing In Vivo

Chapter 3. Results.-3.1. Magnetic Cuff System for HNS.-3.1.1. Fabricated System.-3.1.2. Electrochemical Measurements In Vitro.-3.1.3. Animal Testing In Vivo.-3.2. Palatal Implant System for SPS .-3.2.1. Pilot Study In Vivo.-3.2.2. Fabricated System .-3.2.3. Wireless Power Transmission.-3.2.4. Wireless Data Transmissio.-3.2.5. Electrochemical Measurements In Vitro .-3.2.6. Animal Testing In Vivo

Chapter 4. Discussions.-4.1. Magnetic Cuff System for HNS.-4.1.1. Cuff-to-Nerve Diameter Ratio.-4.1.2. Magnetic Forces.-4.1.3. Stimulation Parameters.-4.1.4. Weight and Size.-4.1.5. Cost Effectiveness.-4.1.6. Extension to Multi-channels.-4.2. Palatal Implant System for SPS.-4.2.1. Reliability of Intra-Oral Device.-4.2.2. Palatoglossus Coupling.-4.2.3. Potential Developments.-4.2.3.1. Monolithic Packaging of Implant .-4.2.3.2. Integration of Sensors.-4.2.3.3. Application of Mandibular Advancement.-4.2.3.4. Improved ASIC Design for Palatal Implant.-4.2.3.4.1. Circuit Design.-4.2.3.4.2. Digital Protocol.-4.2.3.4.3. Circuit Implementation

Chapter 5. Conclusion

References

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