The Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE): Mission Description and Early Results

This volume on the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) mission continues a Solar Physics tradition of special topical issues dedicated to major solar space missions. As one element of NASA's Earth Observing System, SORCE is a satellite carrying four instruments to measure the solar radiation incident at the top of the Earth's atmosphere. These observations are improving our understanding and generating new inquiry regarding how and why solar variability occurs and how it affects our atmosphere and climate. The SORCE mission is a joint effort between NASA and the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) at the University of Colorado. The mission is a Principal Investigator-led mission under the direction of Dr. Gary Rottman from LASP. LASP developed, calibrated, and tested the four science instruments before integrating them onto a spacecraft procured from Orbital Sciences Corporation. The SORCE instruments include the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM), the Spec- tral Irradiance Monitor (SIM), two Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experi- ments (SOLSTICE), and the XUV Photometer System (XPS). The TIM instrument continues the precise measurements of total solar irradiance (TSI) that first began in 1978. SORCE also provides measurements of the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) from 1 to 2000 nm with its other instruments. The Sun has both direct and indirect influences on the terrestrial system, and SORCE's comprehensive total and spec- tral solar measurements are providing the requisite understanding of this important climate system variable.