This text provides the discrete mathematics needed as a rigorous foundation for the construction and analysis of application systems. Construction involves development within formal linguistic systems and analysis involves external assessment and measurement. The foundation provided by this book allows for many applications to be discussed in detail. A gentle introduction to discrete mathematics and formal systems allows a gradual pace of learning for the student and examines ideas before giving a serious exposition of mathematical logic that emphasizes the link between theories in formal languages and their models. The major programming paradigms are linked to approaches to specification and verified by the axiomatic method.
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